Broughton's New Amphitheatre "on the back of" or "near" the late Mr. Figg's Amphitheatre, in Oxford Road. On 1 January 1743, the pugilist John Broughton (ca. 1703–1789), formerly a Thames waterman, advertised his intention to establish a new amphitheatre dedicated to boxing. Lamenting the late "Decay of British Championism," he proposed "To erect in some Place, most commodious for this Metropolis, a magnificent Amphitheatre, to be dedicated to the Exercise of that Manly Art of Boxing," and requested assistance through "the generous Contributions of those Noblemen and Gentlemen who are Lovers and Encouragers of this heroic Art" (Proposals for Erecting an Amphitheatre for the Manly Exercise of Boxing, by John Broughton, Professor of Athletics, January 1, 1742–3, pp. 2–3). The Amphitheater was opened later that year.

According to Hugh Phillips, F.S.A., the "rate books prove indisputably that in 1743–44, Broughton had taken over the old Boarded House … which had been in obscurity since Figg gave it up in 1725" (Mid Georgian London: A Topographical and Social Survey of Central and Western London about 1750, 1964, p. 228). Whether by "erect" Broughton meant to "set up," "establish," or "found" a boxing arena in a suitable building or to "build" a new structure entirely is not clear, but in any case there is evidence that the Boarded House was demolished in 1735, well before Broughton's Amphitheatre was instituted (Survey of London, Bartlett School of Architecture, University College London, draft chapter). The Boarded House is shown northwest of the Adam and Eve tavern in "A Survey of Marybone, And Barrow-Hills" by Henry Pratt (1708), a location Phillips describes as "grass fields at the intersection of two paths which subsequently became Wells Street and Castle Street" (227). George Clinch's sketch of Pratt's survey, however, suggests the Boarded House was located closer to the present-day Mortimer Street a little to the north (see "Plan of Marylebone Estate," Marylebone and St. Pancras; Their History, Celebrities, Buildings, and Institutions, 1890, facing p. 4; it should be noted, however, that in the text Clinch incorrectly conflates the Boarded House with Figg's Amphitheatre).

John Thomas Smith in Ancient Topography of London of 1815 claimed that "Broughton's Amphitheatre is still standing; it is at the south-west corner of Castle-street, Wells-street; the lower part is a coal-shed, the upper a stage for timber" (63). This location is not labelled in Horwood (1799), but Rocque's map of 1746 shows a building at Little Castle Street and Adam and Eve Court, which seems a likely candidate for the Amphitheatre.

A newspaper campaign in 1751 criticized the Amphitheatre as a nursery "for Villainy" (Old England Feb. 9); or "of a great Number of loose, idle, and disorderly People" (Whitehall Evening Post, February 5–7 and Penny London Post or The Morning Advertiser, February 8–11). The Penny London Post or The Morning Advertiser, February 6–8, made the connection even more explicit, right before the the "Report of the Malefactors under Sentence of Death in Newgate" that listed "James Field, the Boxing Sailor, for robbing David Woodman, in Moorfields, of 13 s. a Tobacco-Box, &c.":

On Wednefday there was a famous Boxing Match at Broughton's Amphitheatre, between Taylor and Slack, when Taylor came off victorious.——As Monday next is the Day appointed for the Execution of the Malefactors now under Sentence of Death in Newgate, 'tis hoped there will be a grand Match at the same Place, on that Day, in order to call the Fraternity together in Memory of the famous Mr. Field, that Amphitheatre having the Reputation of being a Nursery for Tyburn.

The Amphitheatre was closed by 1754, and boxing enthusiasts could only lament their loss:

I cannot but lament the cruelty of that law, which has shut up our Amphitheatres: and I look upon the professors of the noble art of Boxing as a kind of disbanded army, for whom we have made no provision. The mechanics, who at the call of glory left their mean occupations, are now obliged to have recourse to them again; and coachmen and barbers resume the whip and the razor, instead of giving black eyes and cross-buttocks. I know a veteran that has often won the whole house, who is reduced, like Belisarius, to spread his palm in begging for a half-penny. Some have been forced to exercise their art in knocking down passengers in dark alleys and corners; while others have learned to open their fists and ply their fingers in picking pockets. Buckhorse, whose knuckles had been used to indent many a bruise, now clenches them only to grasp a link; and Broughton employs the muscles of his brawny arm in squeezing a lemon or drawing a cork. His Amphitheatre itself is converted into a Methodist Meeting-house! and perhaps (as laymen are there admitted into the pulpit) those very fists, which so lately dealt such hearty bangs upon the stage, are now with equal vehemence thumping the cushion.

—Connoisseur 30 (Collected Issues), Thursday, Aug. 22, 1754.

A reminder of the dangers of being a spectator at a boxing match came in 1760:

The old Broughtonian spirit, or manly exercise of boxing, is not yet extinct among us, since a bloody and desperate battle was fought yesterday in the fields, near Marybone, between one Stephens, a nailor, and one Swafford, a butcher, which lasted about fifteen minutes, and ended in favour of the former. A press-gang, who attended, secured several useful hands, who, possibly, may be of more service to their country than being idle spectators at a boxing match.

—Public Ledger 4, Wednesday, Jan. 16, 1760.

"Mr. Town" of the satirical weekly The Connoisseur claimed that the building was used as a Methodist Meeting house mid 1750s (George Colman the Elder and Bonnell Thornton, 22 August 1754).

—Allison Muri

Broughton's New Amphitheatre, a boxing theatre "in the Oxford Road, at the back of the late Mr. Figg's." It was situated near Adam and Eve Court, opposite Poland Street, built in 1742–1743 by John Broughton, successor to James Figg [see Figg's], for eighteen years the Champion of the Ring. He was beaten at last on his own stage by one Slack, a butcher. He died in Walcot Place, Lambeth, in 1789, in his eighty-fifth year.