Publications of Samuel Carter of the Inner-Temple, Esq.

Note: The following printer, bookseller, or publisher lists are works in progress. They are generated from title page imprints and may reproduce false and misleading attributions or contain errors.

What does "printed by" mean? How to read the roles ascribed to people in the imprints.

In terms of the book trades, the lists below are sorted into up to four groups where: the person is designated in the imprint as having a single role:

  1. "printed by x"; or
  2. "sold by x"; or
  3. "printed for x" or "published by x"; or

as having multiple roles in combination (which suggests a likelihood that the person is a trade publisher):

  1. "printed and sold by x"; "printed for and sold by x"; or "printed by and for x" and so on.

Printers (owners of the type and printing presses, and possibly owners of the copyright) may be identified by the words printed by, but printed by does not universally designate a person who is a printer by trade. Booksellers may be identified by the words sold by, but sold by encompasses a number of roles. Booksellers or individuals who owned the copyright are generally identified by the words printed for, but nothing should be concluded in this regard without further evidence, especially since "printed for" could signify that the named person was a distributor rather than a copyright holder. Trade publishers, who distributed books and pamphlets but did not own the copyright or employ a printer—and were not printers themselves—might be identified by the words printed and sold by. Furthermore, works from this period often display false imprints, whether to evade copyright restrictions, to conceal the name of the copyright holders, or to dupe unwitting customers. Ultimately, one must proceed with caution in using the following lists: designations in the imprints may not reliably reflect the actual trades or roles of the people named, and the formulas used in imprints do not consistently mean the same thing.

David Foxon discussed the "meaning of the imprint" in his Lyell Lecture delivered at Oxford in March 1976, with particular attention to "publishers" in the eighteenth-century context:

The fullest form of an imprint is one which names three people, or groups of people:
     London: printed by X (the printer), for Y (the bookseller who owned the copyright), and sold by Z.
In the eighteenth century the printer's name is rarely given, at least in works printed in London, and the form is more commonly:
     London: printed for Y, and sold by Z.
Very often in this period, and particularly for pamphlets, it is further abbreviated to:
     London: printed and sold by Z.
It is this last form which is my present concern. Z is usually what the eighteenth century called 'a publisher', or one who distributes books and pamphlets without having any other responsibility—he does not own the copyright or employ a printer, or even know the author.

D. F. McKenzie coined the term "trade publisher" for these publishers in his Sandars Lectures, also in 1976, on the grounds that their principal role was to publish on behalf of other members of the book trade (Treadwell 100).

Michael Treadwell cautions that "In this period the imprint 'London: Printed and sold by A.B.' normally means 'Printed at London, and sold by A.B.' and must not be taken to mean that A.B. is a printer in the absence of other evidence." Further, "The imprint 'published by' occurs only rarely in Wing and is almost always associated with the name of a trade publisher" (104). While there are exceptions to the rule, it is "certain," he explains, "that anyone who made a speciality of distributing works for others will show a far higher proportion than normal of imprints in one of the 'sold by' forms" (116), which appear in the imprint as "sold by," "printed and sold by," or "published by" (104). Treadwell gives Walter Kettilby as an example of "a fairly typical copyright-owning bookseller" (106)—his role is almost always designated by the phrase "printed for" on imprints.

A final caution: publisher is a word that should be used with some deliberation. Samuel Johnson defines it simply as "One who puts out a book into the world," but "published by" rarely appears on the imprint until later in the eighteenth century, and then primarily associated with newspapers and pamphlets. Treadwell observes that John Dunton names only five publishers among the 200 binders and booksellers in his autobiographical Life and Errors (1705) wherein he undertakes "to draw the Character of the most Eminent [Stationers] in the Three Kingdoms" (100). Treadwell also remarks, however, that "in law, anyone who offered a work for sale 'published' it. In this sense every work had one or more 'publishers', and every bookseller, mercury, and hawker was a 'publisher'" (114).

See:

  • Terry Belanger, "From Bookseller to Publisher: Changes in the London Book Trade, 1750–1850," in Book Selling and Book Buying. Aspects of the Nineteenth-Century British and North American Book Trade, ed. Richard G. Landon (Chicago: American Library Association, 1978).
  • Bricker, Andrew Benjamin. "Who was 'A. Moore'? The Attribution of Eighteenth-Century Publications with False and Misleading Imprints," in The Papers of the Bibliographical Society of America 110.2 (2016).
  • John Dunton, The Life and Errors of John Dunton (London: Printed for S. Malthus, 1705).
  • John Feather, "The Commerce of Letters: The Study of the Eighteenth-Century Book Trade," Eighteenth-Century Studies 17 (1984).
  • David Foxon, Pope and the Early Eighteenth-Century Book Trade, ed. James McLaverty (Oxford University Press, 1991).
  • Samuel Johnson, Dictionary of the English Language, (printed for J. and P. Knapton; T. and T. Longman; C. Hitch and L. Hawes; A. Millar; and R. and J. Dodsley, 1755).
  • D.F. McKenzie, The London Book Trade in the Later Seventeenth Century (Sandars lectures in bibliography, 1977).
  • Michael Treadwell, "London Trade Publishers 1675–1750," The Library sixth series, vol. 4, no. 2 (1982).

Printed by Samuel Carter of the Inner-Temple, Esq.

  • Christianae militiae viaticum: or, a brief directory for evangelical ministers. Philadelphia: printed by S. C. Ustick, 1798. ESTC No. W26889. Grub Street ID 336959.

Printed for Samuel Carter of the Inner-Temple, Esq.

  • Lee, Nathaniel. Sophonisba: or, Hannibal's overthrow. A tragedy. Acted at the Theatre-Royal, by His Majesty's servants. Written by Nathaniel Lee, gent. London: printed for S. C. and sold by T. Astley, 1727. ESTC No. N37160. Grub Street ID 25114.

Author

  • Carter, Samuel, of the Inner-Temple, Esq.. Lex custumaria: or, a treatise of copy-hold estates, in respect of the Lord, copy-holder. Wherein the nature of customs ... are explained. ... By S.C. ... London: printed by the assigns of Richard and Edward Atkins, for Daniel Brown, and John Walthoe, 1701. ESTC No. T72151. Grub Street ID 295708.
  • Carter, Samuel, of the Inner-Temple, Esq.. A treatise concerning trespasses vi et armis. Wherein the nature of trespass is clearly explicated, and the Gift of the Action stated, and by whom such Actions may be brought, and against whom and how to be laid. Together with the Forms and Learning of Writs, Declarations and Pleadings, in reference to all sorts of Torts or Wrongs done to a Man's Person, Estate or Interest. And also wherein is contained all the Learning of our Law concerning Pleadings and Bars by way of Excuse, Justification, Concord, Amends, &c. With the general Rules of Pleading in this Action, and particular Rules applied to every Case. Together also with a clear and methodical Discourse of the curious Learning of Traverses, of Replications in this Action; and of Evidence, Verdict, Damages, Costs and Judgments therein. To which are added References to Presidents and Entries proper to each Title. A Work very Useful for Students and Practisers of the Common Law. By the author of Lex customaria. London: printed by the assigns of Richard and Edward Atkins Esqs; for J. Walthoe in the Middle Temple Cloyster, 1704. ESTC No. N14008. Grub Street ID 3912.
  • Carter, Samuel, of the Inner-Temple, Esq.. A treatise concerning trespasses vi et armis. Wherein the nature of trespass is clearly explicated, and the Gist of the Action stated, and by whom such Actions may be brought, and against whom and how to be laid. Together with the Forms and Learning of Writs, Declarations and Pleadings, in reference to all sorts of Torts or Wrongs done to a Man's Person, Estate or Interest. And also wherein is contained all the Learning of our Law concerning Pleadings and Bars by way of Excuse, Justification, Concord, Amends, &c. With the general Rules of Pleading in this Action, and particular Rules applied to every Case. Together also with a clear and methodical Discourse of the curious Learning of Traverses, of Replications in this Action; and of Evidence, Verdict, Damages, Costs, and Judgments therein. To which are added References to Presidents and Entries proper to each Title. A Work very Useful for Students and Practisers of the Common Law. By the author of Lex custumaria. London: printed by the assigns of Richard and Edward Atkins Esqs; for J. Walthoe, and are to be sold by Anthony Barker at the Univorne, next Serjeants-Inn-Gate in Fleetstreet, 1705. ESTC No. N14009. Grub Street ID 3913.
  • Carter, Samuel, of the Inner-Temple, Esq.. Lex vadiorum. The law of mortgages. Wherein is treated the nature of mortgages, and the several sorts of proviso's in the same deed, or by deed absolute; Defeazance, Demise and Redemise; or by Covenant, and otherwise: With special Clauses, Conditions and Covenants; Explained and illustrated by many adjudged Cases at Common Law, and by Presidents. Likewise of the payments of the mortgage-money, by whom and to whom; and several Cases and Rules of Tender. Also of assignments of mortgages; and the Manner of Assignees Transferring, Accounting, &c. With proper and Well-Pen'd Presidents, according to the Circumstances of Cases. And further, of the equity of redemption, and the Nature of it, and how it is governed by the Rules of Equity; and of Releases of Equity of Redemption, and how Transferrable or Extinguishable; With the Niceties of buying in Precedent Incumbrances. And several other Matters and Cases adjudged in the High Court of Chancery (with Presidents of Bills, Answers, Pleas) &c. T. London: printed by the assigns of Richard and Edward Atkins Esqs; for M. Wotton, at the Three Daggers in Fleetstreet; and F. Cogan, in the Inner Temple-Lane, MDCCVI. [1706]. ESTC No. N3662. Grub Street ID 24589.
  • Carter, Samuel, of the Inner-Temple, Esq.. The law of executions: or, a treatise shewing and explaining the nature of executions in several rules, and who may sue execution or not, and against what persons. ... By S. C. Esq; author of Lex custumaria. London: printed by the assigns of Richard and Edward Atkins Esqs; for Robert Battersby, 1706. ESTC No. T32964. Grub Street ID 263645.
  • Carter, Samuel, of the Inner-Temple, Esq.. Legal provisions for the poor: or, a treatise of the common and statute laws concerning the poor, either as to relief, settlement, or punishment. Being a methodical guide for justices of peace, church-wardens, and overseers. ... By S. C. ... [London]: In the Savoy: printed by John Nutt, assignee of Edward Sayer Esq; for John Walthoe, 1710. ESTC No. T72145. Grub Street ID 295701.
  • Carter, Samuel, of the Inner-Temple, Esq.. Legal provisions for the poor: or, a treatise of the common and statute laws concerning the poor, either as to relief, settlement, or punishment. Being a methodical guide for justices of peace, church-wardens, and overseers. ... By S. C. ... [London]: In the Savoy: printed by John Nutt, assignee of Edward Sayer Esq; for John Walthoe; and at his shop in Stafford, 1713. ESTC No. N10386. Grub Street ID 395.
  • Carter, Samuel, of the Inner-Temple, Esq.. Legal provisions for the poor: or, a treatise of the common and statute laws concerning the poor, either as to relief, settlement, or punishment. Being a methodical guide for justices of peace, church-wardens, and overseers. Wherein are explain'd, All the Statutes relating to that Subject; with the Ancient and Modern Law-Cases and Resolutions of the Judges: And also many Precedents proper for such a Treatise. By S. C. of the Inner-Temple, Esq;. [London]: In the Savoy: printed by John Nutt, assignee of Edward Sayer Esq; for John Walthoe in the Temple-Cloysters; and at his shop in Stafford, 1715. ESTC No. N10387. Grub Street ID 396.
  • Carter, Samuel, of the Inner-Temple, Esq.. Legal provisions for the poor. 1. of the several sorts of poor. ... By S. C. of the Inner-Temple, Esq;. [London]: In the Savoy: printed by Eliz. Nutt, and R. Gosling, (assigns of Edward Sayer Esq;) for J. Walthoe, and J. Walthoe jun., 1718. ESTC No. T119287. Grub Street ID 170708.
  • Carter, Samuel, of the Inner-Temple, Esq.. Legal provisions for the poor. 1. Of the several sorts of poor. ... 11. Precedents of orders, ... Wherein the statutes and resolutions of the judges on these subjects, are consider'd and explain'd. By S. C. ... [London]: In the Savoy: printed by E. and R. Nutt, and R. Gosling, (assigns of Edward Sayer, Esq;) for J. Walthoe, and J. Walthoe jun., 1725. ESTC No. T72144. Grub Street ID 295700.
  • Carter, Samuel, of the Inner-Temple, Esq.. Lex vadiorum. The law of mortgages. Wherein is treated, the nature of mortgages, either by deed absolute, and the several sorts of proviso's therein; ... The second edition; with the addition of modern cases of mortgages, ... By Samuel Carter ... [London]: In the Savoy: printed by E. and R. Nutt, and R. Gosling, (assigns of Edw. Sayer, Esq;) for T. Ward; T. Wotton; J. Shuckburgh; and J. Osborne, 1728. ESTC No. T133585. Grub Street ID 182336.
  • Carter, Samuel, of the Inner-Temple, Esq.. Lex vadiorum. The law of mortgages. Wherein is treated, the nature of mortgages, either by deed absolute, and the several sorts of proviso's therein; Or by Defeazance, Demise and Redemise, Covenant, or otherwise: With special Clauses, Conditions, &c. Illustrated by many Precedents and adjudged Cases. Also of Payment of Mortgage Money, by whom and to whom; and several Cases and Rules of Tender, &c. Likewise of Assignments of Mortgages; and the Manner of Transferring, Accounting, &c. With proper Precedents thereof. And further, Of the Equity of Redemption, and the Nature of it, and by what Rules 'tis govern'd, and of Releases thereof, and how transferrable or extinguishable: With the Niceties of buying in precedent Incumbrances, &c. with Precedents of Bills, Answers, Pleas, &c. The third edition; with the addition of modern cases of mortgages, Pawns, Pledges, &c. lately adjudged at Common Law, and in Equity. By Samuel Carter of the Inner Temple, Esq;. [London]: In the Savoy: printed by E. and R. Nutt, and R. Gosling, (assigns of Edw. Sayer, Esq;) for J. Stagg in Westminster-Hall, MDCCXXXVII. [1737]. ESTC No. T208109. Grub Street ID 237061.