Publications of Henry Baldwin

Note: The following printer, bookseller, or publisher lists are works in progress. They are generated from title page imprints and may reproduce false and misleading attributions or contain errors.

What does "printed by" mean? How to read the roles ascribed to people in the imprints.

In terms of the book trades, the lists below are sorted into up to four groups where: the person is designated in the imprint as having a single role:

  1. "printed by x"; or
  2. "sold by x"; or
  3. "printed for x" or "published by x"; or

as having multiple roles in combination (which suggests a likelihood that the person is a trade publisher):

  1. "printed and sold by x"; "printed for and sold by x"; or "printed by and for x" and so on.

Printers (owners of the type and printing presses, and possibly owners of the copyright) may be identified by the words printed by, but printed by does not universally designate a person who is a printer by trade. Booksellers may be identified by the words sold by, but sold by encompasses a number of roles. Booksellers or individuals who owned the copyright are generally identified by the words printed for, but nothing should be concluded in this regard without further evidence, especially since "printed for" could signify that the named person was a distributor rather than a copyright holder. Trade publishers, who distributed books and pamphlets but did not own the copyright or employ a printer—and were not printers themselves—might be identified by the words printed and sold by. Furthermore, works from this period often display false imprints, whether to evade copyright restrictions, to conceal the name of the copyright holders, or to dupe unwitting customers. Ultimately, one must proceed with caution in using the following lists: designations in the imprints may not reliably reflect the actual trades or roles of the people named, and the formulas used in imprints do not consistently mean the same thing.

David Foxon discussed the "meaning of the imprint" in his Lyell Lecture delivered at Oxford in March 1976, with particular attention to "publishers" in the eighteenth-century context:

The fullest form of an imprint is one which names three people, or groups of people:
     London: printed by X (the printer), for Y (the bookseller who owned the copyright), and sold by Z.
In the eighteenth century the printer's name is rarely given, at least in works printed in London, and the form is more commonly:
     London: printed for Y, and sold by Z.
Very often in this period, and particularly for pamphlets, it is further abbreviated to:
     London: printed and sold by Z.
It is this last form which is my present concern. Z is usually what the eighteenth century called 'a publisher', or one who distributes books and pamphlets without having any other responsibility—he does not own the copyright or employ a printer, or even know the author.

D. F. McKenzie coined the term "trade publisher" for these publishers in his Sandars Lectures, also in 1976, on the grounds that their principal role was to publish on behalf of other members of the book trade (Treadwell 100).

Michael Treadwell cautions that "In this period the imprint 'London: Printed and sold by A.B.' normally means 'Printed at London, and sold by A.B.' and must not be taken to mean that A.B. is a printer in the absence of other evidence." Further, "The imprint 'published by' occurs only rarely in Wing and is almost always associated with the name of a trade publisher" (104). While there are exceptions to the rule, it is "certain," he explains, "that anyone who made a speciality of distributing works for others will show a far higher proportion than normal of imprints in one of the 'sold by' forms" (116), which appear in the imprint as "sold by," "printed and sold by," or "published by" (104). Treadwell gives Walter Kettilby as an example of "a fairly typical copyright-owning bookseller" (106)—his role is almost always designated by the phrase "printed for" on imprints.

A final caution: publisher is a word that should be used with some deliberation. Samuel Johnson defines it simply as "One who puts out a book into the world," but "published by" rarely appears on the imprint until later in the eighteenth century, and then primarily associated with newspapers and pamphlets. Treadwell observes that John Dunton names only five publishers among the 200 binders and booksellers in his autobiographical Life and Errors (1705) wherein he undertakes "to draw the Character of the most Eminent [Stationers] in the Three Kingdoms" (100). Treadwell also remarks, however, that "in law, anyone who offered a work for sale 'published' it. In this sense every work had one or more 'publishers', and every bookseller, mercury, and hawker was a 'publisher'" (114).

See:

  • Terry Belanger, "From Bookseller to Publisher: Changes in the London Book Trade, 1750–1850," in Book Selling and Book Buying. Aspects of the Nineteenth-Century British and North American Book Trade, ed. Richard G. Landon (Chicago: American Library Association, 1978).
  • Bricker, Andrew Benjamin. "Who was 'A. Moore'? The Attribution of Eighteenth-Century Publications with False and Misleading Imprints," in The Papers of the Bibliographical Society of America 110.2 (2016).
  • John Dunton, The Life and Errors of John Dunton (London: Printed for S. Malthus, 1705).
  • John Feather, "The Commerce of Letters: The Study of the Eighteenth-Century Book Trade," Eighteenth-Century Studies 17 (1984).
  • David Foxon, Pope and the Early Eighteenth-Century Book Trade, ed. James McLaverty (Oxford University Press, 1991).
  • Samuel Johnson, Dictionary of the English Language, (printed for J. and P. Knapton; T. and T. Longman; C. Hitch and L. Hawes; A. Millar; and R. and J. Dodsley, 1755).
  • D.F. McKenzie, The London Book Trade in the Later Seventeenth Century (Sandars lectures in bibliography, 1977).
  • Michael Treadwell, "London Trade Publishers 1675–1750," The Library sixth series, vol. 4, no. 2 (1982).

Printed by Henry Baldwin

  • Lewis, William. An experimental history of the materia medica, or of the natural and artificial substances made use of in medicine: containing A Compendious View of their Natural History, An Account of their Pharmaceutic Properties, And an Estimate of their Medicinal Powers, so far as they can be ascertained by Experience, or by rational Induction from their sensible Qualities. By William Lewis, M. B. F. R. S. London: printed by H. Baldwin, for the author; and sold by R. Willock, at Sir Isaac Newton's Head in Cornhill, MDCCLXI. [1761]. ESTC No. N2352. Grub Street ID 12880.
  • Bulkley, Charles. The oeconomy of the Gospel; in four books: by Charles Bulkley. London: printed by Henry Baldwin, in White-Friars, Fleet-Street, MDCCLXIV. [1764]. ESTC No. N22278. Grub Street ID 11647.
  • Burton, Francis. A sermon, preached by Francis Burton, Vicar of Theddlethorpe All-Saints, in the County and Diocese of Lincoln, upon Friday the 27th of February, 1778: being, by proclamation, a general fast. Printed particularly for the perusal of his own parishioners. London: printed by H. Baldwin; and sold by Robert Sheardown, Bookseller, in Louth, [1778]. ESTC No. T71242. Grub Street ID 294815.
  • Rousseau, Jean-Jacques. Emilius and Sophia; or, the solitaries. By J. J. Rousseau. Being a sequel to Emilius. Also some additions to Eloisa. By the same author. Both found amongst his papers after his decease. London: printed by H. Baldwin. Sold by T. Becket, In Pallmall; and R. Baldwin, In Pater-Noster-Row, MDCCLXXXIII. [1783]. ESTC No. N45664. Grub Street ID 30540.
  • Rousseau, Jean-Jacques. Eloisa: or, a series of original letters collected and published by Mr. J. J. Rousseau, Citizen Of Geneva. Translated from the French. London: printed by H. Baldwin: sold by R. Baldwin, In Pater-Noster Row; and T. Becket, In Pall-Mall, MDCCLXXXIV. [1784]. ESTC No. T136487. Grub Street ID 184704.
  • Boswell, James. The journal of a tour to the Hebrides, with Samuel Johnson, LL.D. By James Boswell, Esq. Containing Some Poetical Pieces by Dr. Johnson, relative to the Tour, and never before published; A Series of his Conversation, Literary Anecdotes, and Opinion of Men and Books: with an authentick Account of The Distresses and Escape of the Grandson of King James II. in the Year 1746. The Third Edition, revised and corrected. London: printed by Henry Baldwin, for Charles Dilly, in the Poultry, MDCCLXXXVI. [1786]. ESTC No. T53587. Grub Street ID 280519.
  • Boswell, James. A conversation between His most sacred Majesty George III. and Samuel Johnson, LL.D. Illustrated with observations, By James Boswell, Esq. London: printed by Henry Baldwin; for Charles Dilly, in the Poultry, MDCCXC. [1790]. ESTC No. T12462. Grub Street ID 174804.
  • The castle of Andalusia. A comic opera. In three acts. As performed at the Theatre-Royal, Covent-Garden. Written by John O'Keefe, Esq. Author of Tony Lumpkin in Town. - The Son-in-Law. - The Dead Alive. - Agreeable Surprize. - Fontainbleau; or, Our Way in France. - The Positive Man. - The Poor Soldier. - Love in a Camp; or, Patrick in Prussia. - The Farmer. - The Young Quaker. - Beggar on Horseback. - Peeping Tom. - The Prisoner at Large. - The Toy; or, Hampton-Court Frolicks. - Wild Oats; or, The Strolling Gentleman. - Little Hunchback. - The Siege of Curzola. - Modern Antiques; or, The Merry Mourners. - The Highland Reel. - Birth-Day; or, Prince of Arragon. - Sprigs of Laurel. - The London Hermit; or, Rambles in Dorset-Shire. - The World in a Village, &c. &c. &c. London: printed by H. Baldwin, for T. N. Longman, Paternoster-Row, MDCCXCIV. [1794]. ESTC No. T53657. Grub Street ID 280590.
  • The spectator. Volume The Second. London: printed by H. Baldwin; for Messrs. Longman, Dodsley, Law, Robson, Johnson, Nichols, Dilly, Robinson, Sewell, Baldwin, Faulder, Rivington, Otridge and Son, T. Payne, B. and J. White, Macqueen, Hookham and Carpenter, W. Lowndes, Wynn, Kay, Newbery, J. Edwards, Vernor and Hood, Anderson, Pote, Cadell and Davies, Murray and Highley, and Lee and Hurst, 1797. ESTC No. T123111. Grub Street ID 173621.
  • Shakespeare, William. The plays of William Shakspeare, accurately printed from the text of Mr. Steevens's last edition. In nine volumes. ... London: printed by H. Baldwin and Son, for C. Dilly, J. Johnson, G. G. and J. Robinson, R. Baldwin, H. L. Gardner, [and 32 others in London], 1798. ESTC No. N11784. Grub Street ID 1786.

Printed for Henry Baldwin

  • Johnson, Samuel. The lives of the most eminent English poets. With critical observations on their works. By Samuel Johnson. A new edition, corrected. In four volumes. ... London: printed by Nichols and Son, for H. Baldwin, J. Johnson, G. G. and J. Robinson, P. Elmsly, J. Nichols [and 36 others in London], 1800-1801. ESTC No. T212687. Grub Street ID 239772.

Author

  • Baldwin, Henry. Manner of wearing the antipestilential quilt. This quilt must be worn at the pit of the stomach, next the skin; ... To be had in England only [of H.] Baldwin, printer, ... London. - Of the inventor himself (the Sieur Carette) at the Alexiens at Bruges, and of his several agents at Paris, Brussels, Madrid, Amsterdam, Tournay, and Frankfort on the Mein. [London: printed by Henry Baldwin, 1780?]. ESTC No. T192942. Grub Street ID 227245.