Publications of Stanley Crowder

Note: The following printer, bookseller, or publisher lists are works in progress. They are generated from title page imprints and may reproduce false and misleading attributions or contain errors.

What does "printed by" mean? How to read the roles ascribed to people in the imprints.

In terms of the book trades, the lists below are sorted into up to four groups where: the person is designated in the imprint as having a single role:

  1. "printed by x"; or
  2. "sold by x"; or
  3. "printed for x" or "published by x"; or

as having multiple roles in combination (which suggests a likelihood that the person is a trade publisher):

  1. "printed and sold by x"; "printed for and sold by x"; or "printed by and for x" and so on.

Printers (owners of the type and printing presses, and possibly owners of the copyright) may be identified by the words printed by, but printed by does not universally designate a person who is a printer by trade. Booksellers may be identified by the words sold by, but sold by encompasses a number of roles. Booksellers or individuals who owned the copyright are generally identified by the words printed for, but nothing should be concluded in this regard without further evidence, especially since "printed for" could signify that the named person was a distributor rather than a copyright holder. Trade publishers, who distributed books and pamphlets but did not own the copyright or employ a printer—and were not printers themselves—might be identified by the words printed and sold by. Furthermore, works from this period often display false imprints, whether to evade copyright restrictions, to conceal the name of the copyright holders, or to dupe unwitting customers. Ultimately, one must proceed with caution in using the following lists: designations in the imprints may not reliably reflect the actual trades or roles of the people named, and the formulas used in imprints do not consistently mean the same thing.

David Foxon discussed the "meaning of the imprint" in his Lyell Lecture delivered at Oxford in March 1976, with particular attention to "publishers" in the eighteenth-century context:

The fullest form of an imprint is one which names three people, or groups of people:
     London: printed by X (the printer), for Y (the bookseller who owned the copyright), and sold by Z.
In the eighteenth century the printer's name is rarely given, at least in works printed in London, and the form is more commonly:
     London: printed for Y, and sold by Z.
Very often in this period, and particularly for pamphlets, it is further abbreviated to:
     London: printed and sold by Z.
It is this last form which is my present concern. Z is usually what the eighteenth century called 'a publisher', or one who distributes books and pamphlets without having any other responsibility—he does not own the copyright or employ a printer, or even know the author.

D. F. McKenzie coined the term "trade publisher" for these publishers in his Sandars Lectures, also in 1976, on the grounds that their principal role was to publish on behalf of other members of the book trade (Treadwell 100).

Michael Treadwell cautions that "In this period the imprint 'London: Printed and sold by A.B.' normally means 'Printed at London, and sold by A.B.' and must not be taken to mean that A.B. is a printer in the absence of other evidence." Further, "The imprint 'published by' occurs only rarely in Wing and is almost always associated with the name of a trade publisher" (104). While there are exceptions to the rule, it is "certain," he explains, "that anyone who made a speciality of distributing works for others will show a far higher proportion than normal of imprints in one of the 'sold by' forms" (116), which appear in the imprint as "sold by," "printed and sold by," or "published by" (104). Treadwell gives Walter Kettilby as an example of "a fairly typical copyright-owning bookseller" (106)—his role is almost always designated by the phrase "printed for" on imprints.

A final caution: publisher is a word that should be used with some deliberation. Samuel Johnson defines it simply as "One who puts out a book into the world," but "published by" rarely appears on the imprint until later in the eighteenth century, and then primarily associated with newspapers and pamphlets. Treadwell observes that John Dunton names only five publishers among the 200 binders and booksellers in his autobiographical Life and Errors (1705) wherein he undertakes "to draw the Character of the most Eminent [Stationers] in the Three Kingdoms" (100). Treadwell also remarks, however, that "in law, anyone who offered a work for sale 'published' it. In this sense every work had one or more 'publishers', and every bookseller, mercury, and hawker was a 'publisher'" (114).

See:

  • Terry Belanger, "From Bookseller to Publisher: Changes in the London Book Trade, 1750–1850," in Book Selling and Book Buying. Aspects of the Nineteenth-Century British and North American Book Trade, ed. Richard G. Landon (Chicago: American Library Association, 1978).
  • Bricker, Andrew Benjamin. "Who was 'A. Moore'? The Attribution of Eighteenth-Century Publications with False and Misleading Imprints," in The Papers of the Bibliographical Society of America 110.2 (2016).
  • John Dunton, The Life and Errors of John Dunton (London: Printed for S. Malthus, 1705).
  • John Feather, "The Commerce of Letters: The Study of the Eighteenth-Century Book Trade," Eighteenth-Century Studies 17 (1984).
  • David Foxon, Pope and the Early Eighteenth-Century Book Trade, ed. James McLaverty (Oxford University Press, 1991).
  • Samuel Johnson, Dictionary of the English Language, (printed for J. and P. Knapton; T. and T. Longman; C. Hitch and L. Hawes; A. Millar; and R. and J. Dodsley, 1755).
  • D.F. McKenzie, The London Book Trade in the Later Seventeenth Century (Sandars lectures in bibliography, 1977).
  • Michael Treadwell, "London Trade Publishers 1675–1750," The Library sixth series, vol. 4, no. 2 (1982).

Sold by Stanley Crowder

  • Haywood, Eliza. The Young lady. By Euphrosine. London [England]: printed for T. Gardner in the Strand; and sold by S. Crowder and H. Woodgate, in Pater-noster-Row; and A. Dodd, at the Peacock witout Temple-Bar, [1756]. ESTC No. P2657. Grub Street ID 56289.

Printed for Stanley Crowder

  • Reflections on the welfare and prosperity of Great Britain in the present crisis. London: printed for S. Crowder and H. Woodgate, at the Golden Ball, in Pater-Noster-Row, M.DCC.LVI. [1756]. ESTC No. N22119. Grub Street ID 11482.
  • An account of the arraignments and tryals of Col. Richard Kirkby, Capt. John Constable, Capt. Cooper Wade, Capt. Samuel Vincent, and Capt. Christopher Fogg, On A Complaint Exhibited by the Judge-Advocate on Behalf of Her Majesty Queen Anne, at a court-martial held on board the ship Breda in Port-Royal Harbour in Jamaica in America, the 8th, 9th, 10th, and 12th Days of October, 1702 For Cowardice, Neglect of Duty, Breach of Orders, and other Crimes, Committed by Them in a Fight at Sea, commenced the 19th. of August, 1702, off of St. Martha, in the Latitude of Ten Degrees North, near the Main Land of America; Between the Honourable John Benbow, Esq; and Admiral du Casse with Four French Ships of War. For which Colonel Kirkby and Captain Wade were Sentenc'd to be Shot to Death: Which said Sentence was Executed upon Them accordingly at Plymouth, on Board the Bristol Man of War. With a Particular Relation of the said engagement: And Death and Character of Admiral Benbow. London: printed for Stanley Crowder and Henry Woodgate, at the Golden-Ball in Pater-Noster-Row, 1757. ESTC No. N14897. Grub Street ID 4647.
  • The complete letter-writer; or, polite English secretary. Containing, familiar letters on the most common occasions in life. Also a variety of more elegant letters for examples and improvement of style, ... London: printed for Stanley Crowder; and Benjamin Collins, in Salisbury, 1770. ESTC No. N28297. Grub Street ID 17531.
  • Le Dran, Henri-François. Observations in surgery: containing one hundred and fifteen different cases, with particular remarks on each, for the improvement of young students. Written originally in French, by Henry-Francis Le Dran, Of the Academy of Arts, Sworn Surgeon at Paris, Senior Master of that Company, eldest Surgeon and Demonstrator of Anatomy at the Hospital La Charite. Translated by J. S. surgeon. Embellished with copper plates, curiously engraved, representing those Parts wherein the principal Cases are particularly concerned. To which is added, a new chirurgical dictionary, for the Use of young Practitioners, and Gentlemen residing in the Country; explaining the Terms of Art contained in the Body of the Book; and likewise all such as properly belong to Physic and Surgery. London: printed for S. Crowder, in Pater-Noster-Row, MDCCLXXI. [1771]. ESTC No. N10109. Grub Street ID 118.
  • Melodia sacra: or, the devout psalmist's new musical companion. Being a choice collection of psalm-tunes for divine service, ... The second edition, ... By William Tans'ur, ... London: printed by G. Bigg, for Stanley Crowder: also sold by the author, and his son, 1772. ESTC No. T154683. Grub Street ID 198736.
  • Fenning, Daniel. The ready reckoner; or trader's most useful assistant, in buying and selling all sorts of commodities ... To which is added, 1. A double table of Portugal money, ... 3. A table of annuities ... The sixth edition, with additions ... By Daniel Fenning, ... London: printed for S. Crowder; and B. Collins, in Salisbury, 1773. ESTC No. N13567. Grub Street ID 3472.
  • Kenrick, W. The whole duty of woman. By a lady. Written at the desire of a noble lord. London: printed for S. Crowder. and R. Baldwin, 1774. ESTC No. N25757. Grub Street ID 15112.
  • Scott, William. O tempora! O mores! or, the best new-year’s gift for a prime minister. Being a sermon, preach’d at a few small churches only, in the city, last year, (and those obtain’d with great difficulty) and published at the repeated request of the congregations. By the Rev. William Scott, M.A. Late scholar of Eton, and Trinity College, Cambridge. Dedicated to Lord North. The sixth edition. With large additions and alterations both in the dedication and sermon, occasioned by the ingenuity, amazing dexterity, and humane proceedings of a Scotch ministry towards the dreadfull confusions, distresses, massacre and carnage now rioting in America. London: printed for Robinson, Crowder, Bew, and Allen, in Pater-Noster-Row, and Nicoll in St. Paul’s Church-Yard. N.B. Two thousand, five hundred copies of this sermon have been sold off. Enter’d at Stationers-hall. M,DCC,LXXV [1775]. ESTC No. T177533. Grub Street ID 214465.
  • Montesquieu, Charles de Secondat. The spirit of laws. In two volumes. Translated from the French of M. de Secondat, Baron DE Montesquieu. volume the first. London: printed for S Crowder, C. Ware, and T. Payne, M.DCC.LXXVII. [1777]. ESTC No. N24820. Grub Street ID 14170.
  • Watkins, Roger. A sermon preached at the visitation holden for the Lord Bishop of Lincoln, by the Archdeacons of Lincoln and Leicester in the cathedral church of Lincoln, August 24th, 1778. By Roger Watkins, M. A. Rector of Fillingham, And late Fellow of Balliol College in Oxford. Published at the request of the Clergy. Lincoln: printed and sold by W. Wood. Mr. Crowder, in Pater-Noster-Row, London. Mess. Merrills and Fletcher at Cambridge. Mr. Fletcher, at Oxford. Mr. Smart at Worcester. Mr. Turner at Ludlow, [1778]. ESTC No. T4537. Grub Street ID 273685.
  • The polite preceptor: or, a collection of entertaining and instructive essays; selected from the best English writers, ... with a view to inspire ... the love of virtue, and the principles of ... just reasoning. London: printed for Stanley Crowder, 1779. ESTC No. N12117. Grub Street ID 2132.

Printed by and for, or by/for and sold by Stanley Crowder

  • The history of Barbarossa and Pollyana. Containing Some Interesting Incidents not occurring in the common Course of Life: Intermix'd with Reflexions and Instructions. Addressed to such Parents and Guardians who destroy the Peace and Happiness of their Children, by compelling them to marry where Love is not the sole Motive. With an essay upon the great contrast betweeen the two important Scenes of Life, viz. courtship and marriage. London: printed and sold by S. Crowder and H. Woodgate, in Pater-Noster-Row, M.DCC.LVI. [1756]. ESTC No. T200740. Grub Street ID 232298.