Publications of James Waugh

Note: The following printer, bookseller, or publisher lists are works in progress. They are generated from title page imprints and may reproduce false and misleading attributions or contain errors.

What does "printed by" mean? How to read the roles ascribed to people in the imprints.

In terms of the book trades, the lists below are sorted into up to four groups where: the person is designated in the imprint as having a single role:

"printed by x"; or
"sold by x"; or
"printed for x" or "published by x";

or as having multiple roles in combination (which suggests a likelihood that the person is a trade publisher):

"printed and sold by x"; "printed for and sold by x"; or "printed by and for x" and so on.

Printers (owners of the type and printing presses, and possibly owners of the copyright) may be identified by the words printed by, but printed by does not universally designate a person who is a printer by trade. Booksellers may be identified by the words sold by, but sold by encompasses a number of roles. Booksellers or individuals who owned the copyright are generally identified by the words printed for, but nothing should be concluded in this regard without further evidence, especially since "printed for" could signify that the named person was a distributor rather than a copyright holder. Trade publishers, who distributed books and pamphlets but did not own the copyright or employ a printer—and were not printers themselves—might be identified by the words printed and sold by. Furthermore, works from this period often display false imprints, whether to evade copyright restrictions, to conceal the name of the copyright holders, or to dupe unwitting customers. Ultimately, one must proceed with caution in using the following lists: designations in the imprints may not reliably reflect the actual trades or roles of the people named, and the formulas used in imprints do not consistently mean the same thing.

David Foxon discussed the "meaning of the imprint" in his Lyell Lecture delivered at Oxford in March 1976, with particular attention to "publishers" in the eighteenth-century context:

The fullest form of an imprint is one which names three people, or groups of people:
     London: printed by X (the printer), for Y (the bookseller who owned the copyright), and sold by Z.
In the eighteenth century the printer's name is rarely given, at least in works printed in London, and the form is more commonly:
     London: printed for Y, and sold by Z.
Very often in this period, and particularly for pamphlets, it is further abbreviated to:
     London: printed and sold by Z.
It is this last form which is my present concern. Z is usually what the eighteenth century called 'a publisher', or one who distributes books and pamphlets without having any other responsibility—he does not own the copyright or employ a printer, or even know the author.

D. F. McKenzie coined the term "trade publisher" for these publishers in his Sandars Lectures, also in 1976, on the grounds that their principal role was to publish on behalf of other members of the book trade (Treadwell 100).

Michael Treadwell cautions that "In this period the imprint 'London: Printed and sold by A.B.' normally means 'Printed at London, and sold by A.B.' and must not be taken to mean that A.B. is a printer in the absence of other evidence." Further, "The imprint 'published by' occurs only rarely in Wing and is almost always associated with the name of a trade publisher" (104). While there are exceptions to the rule, it is "certain," he explains, "that anyone who made a speciality of distributing works for others will show a far higher proportion than normal of imprints in one of the 'sold by' forms" (116), which appear in the imprint as "sold by," "printed and sold by," or "published by" (104). Treadwell gives Walter Kettilby as an example of "a fairly typical copyright-owning bookseller" (106)—his role is almost always designated by the phrase "printed for" on imprints.

A final caution: publisher is a word that should be used with some deliberation. Samuel Johnson defines it simply as "One who puts out a book into the world," but "published by" rarely appears on the imprint until later in the eighteenth century, and then primarily associated with newspapers and pamphlets. Treadwell observes that John Dunton names only five publishers among the 200 binders and booksellers in his autobiographical Life and Errors (1705) wherein he undertakes "to draw the Character of the most Eminent [Stationers] in the Three Kingdoms" (100). Treadwell also remarks, however, that "in law, anyone who offered a work for sale 'published' it. In this sense every work had one or more 'publishers', and every bookseller, mercury, and hawker was a 'publisher'" (114).

See:

Terry Belanger, "From Bookseller to Publisher: Changes in the London Book Trade, 1750–1850," in Book Selling and Book Buying. Aspects of the Nineteenth-Century British and North American Book Trade, ed. Richard G. Landon (Chicago: American Library Association, 1978).
Bricker, Andrew Benjamin. "Who was 'A. Moore'? The Attribution of Eighteenth-Century Publications with False and Misleading Imprints," in The Papers of the Bibliographical Society of America 110.2 (2016).
John Dunton, The Life and Errors of John Dunton (London: Printed for S. Malthus, 1705).
John Feather, "The Commerce of Letters: The Study of the Eighteenth-Century Book Trade," Eighteenth-Century Studies 17 (1984).
David Foxon, Pope and the Early Eighteenth-Century Book Trade, ed. James McLaverty (Oxford University Press, 1991).
Samuel Johnson, Dictionary of the English Language, (printed for J. and P. Knapton; T. and T. Longman; C. Hitch and L. Hawes; A. Millar; and R. and J. Dodsley, 1755).
D.F. McKenzie, The London Book Trade in the Later Seventeenth Century (Sandars lectures in bibliography, 1977).
Michael Treadwell, "London Trade Publishers 1675–1750," The Library sixth series, vol. 4, no. 2 (1982).

Printed by James Waugh

Hughes, Obadiah. Obedience to God the best security against our enemies. A fast-sermon preached in Southwark, Nov. 10 M DCC Xlii. and in Westminster, Jan. 9, M DCC Xliv. By O. Hughes, D. D. London: printed by J. Waugh, at the Turk's Head in Grace-Church-Street, MDCCXLIV. [1744]. ESTC No. T53489. Grub Street ID 280452.
Reyner, Kirby. Select sermons upon practical subjects. Viz. Of the true happiness of man. The security and happiness of a religious course of life. God's different regards to the righteous and the wicked. Of Contentment. The instability of worldly greatness. Men and their actions weighed in an equal balance. The snares of prosperity, and the benefit of afflictions. The evil and the causes of ignorance in things of religion. A reproof of prevailing vices. The desirableness of knowing our own secret faults. Divine supports in all distresses and troubles. Of the future judgment. By the late Reverend Mr. Kirby Reyner, Minister of the Gospel at Bristol. London: printed by James Waugh, in Gracechurch-Street; and sold by Thomas Cadell, in Wine-Street, Bristol; and W. Frederick, at Bath, MDCCXLV. [1745]. ESTC No. N21813. Grub Street ID 11169.
Hughes, Obadiah. Peace attended with Reformation a complete blessing. A sermon Preached at the Protestant Dissenters Chapel in Long---Ditch, Wesminster. On April xxv. Being the Day appointed for a general Thanksgiving to God, on account of the Peace, signed at Aix la Chapelle, October 18, N. S. 1748. By Obh. Hughes, D. D. London: printed by James Waugh, for Richard Hett, in the Poultry; James Buckland, in Pater-Noster Row; and Mrs. Winbush, at Charing-Cross, MDCCXLIX. [1749]. ESTC No. T53490. Grub Street ID 280454.
Benson, George. A summary view of the evidences of Christ's resurrection. By George Benson, D.D. London: printed and sold by J. Waugh; J. Noon; J. Robinson; J. and S. Johnson; and B. Bourn, 1754. ESTC No. T64765. Grub Street ID 289750.
Hanway, Jonas. Thoughts on the duty of a good citizen, with regard to war and invasion; in a letter from a citizen to his friend. London: printed by J. Waugh,and W. Fenner, in Lombard-Street, [1756]. ESTC No. T98300. Grub Street ID 317600.

Sold by James Waugh

Bennet, Benjamin. The christian oratory: or, the devotion of the closet displayed. By the Reverend and learned Mr. Benjamin Bennet. London: printed for a Society of Gentlemen: and sold by J. Waugh, at the Turk's-Head in Lombard-Street, at Two Shillings and Ninepence in Sheets, for the more easy Distribution amongst the Poor, M.DCC.LX. [1760]. ESTC No. T99668. Grub Street ID 318759.
Harwood, Edward. Reflections on the unacceptableness of a death-bed repentance. By E. Harwood. London: printed by Samuel Chandler; and sold by J. Waugh; T. Field; E. Dilly; C. Henderson; W. Flexney; and T. Anderton, in Manchester, 1763. ESTC No. N22118. Grub Street ID 11481.

Printed for James Waugh

Hanway, Jonas. A letter to Mr. John Spranger, on his excellent proposal for paving, cleansing, and lighting the streets of Westminster, and the parishes in Middlesex. By Mr. J. Hanway. London: printed for J. Waugh and W. Fenner, at the Turk's Head, in Lombard-Street, 1754. ESTC No. N11414. Grub Street ID 1414.
Worthington, John. A scripture catechism, shewing what a Christian is to believe and practise, in order to salvation. ... Composed by ... John Worthington, ... London: printed for James Waugh; and William Fenner, 1758. ESTC No. T172536. Grub Street ID 209971.
Benson, George. The glorious first of August; or, the blessing of the revolution completed, by the protestant succession, in the amiable and illustrious house of Hanover. A sermon preached, at Salter's-Hall, August 1. 1758. To the society that support the Lord's day morning lecture at Little St. Helens. By George Benson. ... London: printed for J. Waugh; J. Johnson; W. Fenner; and E. Gardiner, 1758. ESTC No. N18050. Grub Street ID 7523.
Billingsley, Samuel; Billingsley, Samuel. Pious designs to be pursued; though not always successful. A sermon preached at St. Thomas's, January 1. 1759. for the benefit of the charity-school in Gravel-Lane, Southwark. By Samuel Billingsley Published at the Request of the Managers. London: printed for J. Waugh, at the Turk's-Head, in Lombard-Street, M.DCC.LIX. [1759]. ESTC No. N11873. Grub Street ID 1875.
Langford, William. A sermon occasioned by the death of the late Reverend Mr. Edward Godwin, preached at Little St. Helens, April 8, 1764. to the Christian society that attended on his ministry. By William Langford, D. D. Published at the Request of the Society. London: printed for James Waugh in Lombard-Street; and S. Gardener, in Gracechurch-Street, M.DCC.LXIV. [1764]. ESTC No. T67718. Grub Street ID 292172.
Taylor, John. The covenant of grace, and baptism the token of it, explained upon scripture principles. To which is prefixed, a letter to a daughter on the value of a child. By John Taylor, D.D. of Norwich. London: printed for James Waugh, at the Turk's-Head in Lombard-Street, 1765. ESTC No. N2072. Grub Street ID 10102.

Printed by and for, or by/for and sold by James Waugh

Winder, Henry. A critical and chronological history of the rise, progress, declension, and revival of knowledge, chiefly religious. In two periods. ... In two volumes, quarto. ... By Henry Winder, D.D. London: printed and sold by James Waugh; J. Brotherton; R. Hett; and A. Millar, 1745-46. ESTC No. T117663. Grub Street ID 169249.
Mason, John. The christian farewell. A sermon preached at Dorking in the county of Surry, July 6, 1746. Published at the Request of several that heard it. By John Mason, A.M. London: printed and sold by J. Waugh, at the Turk's Head in Gracechurch-Street; and also sold by Mr. James Smith, bookseller at Dorking, MDCCXLVI. [1746]. ESTC No. N28016. Grub Street ID 17238.
Milway, Thomas, of Haveril. The righteousness of faith explained, in a sermon preached at Stanborn in Essex, July 19, 1750. By Thomas Milway. London: printed and sold by James Waugh, at the Turk's Head in Lombard-Street, MDCCLI. [1751]. ESTC No. N12971. Grub Street ID 2934.
Grove, Henry. A system of moral philosophy, by the late Reverend and learned Mr. Henry Grove, Of Taunton. Published from the author's manuscript, with his latest improvements and corrections. By Thomas Amory. In two volumes. London: printed and sold by J. Waugh and W. Fenner, at the Turk's Head in Lombard-Street, MDCCLV. [1755]. ESTC No. N23195. Grub Street ID 12553.
Hanway, Jonas. A letter from a member of the Marine Society. Shewing the piety, generosity, and utility of their design, with respect to the sea-service, ... London: printed and sold by J. Waugh; C. Say; W. Fenner; and by the pamphlet shops, 1757. ESTC No. N19358. Grub Street ID 8776.
S., R.. A letter concerning epic poems, taken from Scripture history. London: printed and sold by J. Waugh, 1764. ESTC No. N11258. Grub Street ID 1255.

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