Publications of W. Hoggard

Note: The following printer, bookseller, or publisher lists are works in progress. They are generated from title page imprints and may reproduce false and misleading attributions or contain errors.

What does "printed by" mean? How to read the roles ascribed to people in the imprints.

In terms of the book trades, the lists below are sorted into up to four groups where: the person is designated in the imprint as having a single role:

  1. "printed by x"; or
  2. "sold by x"; or
  3. "printed for x" or "published by x"; or

as having multiple roles in combination (which suggests a likelihood that the person is a trade publisher):

  1. "printed and sold by x"; "printed for and sold by x"; or "printed by and for x" and so on.

Printers (owners of the type and printing presses, and possibly owners of the copyright) may be identified by the words printed by, but printed by does not universally designate a person who is a printer by trade. Booksellers may be identified by the words sold by, but sold by encompasses a number of roles. Booksellers or individuals who owned the copyright are generally identified by the words printed for, but nothing should be concluded in this regard without further evidence, especially since "printed for" could signify that the named person was a distributor rather than a copyright holder. Trade publishers, who distributed books and pamphlets but did not own the copyright or employ a printer—and were not printers themselves—might be identified by the words printed and sold by. Furthermore, works from this period often display false imprints, whether to evade copyright restrictions, to conceal the name of the copyright holders, or to dupe unwitting customers. Ultimately, one must proceed with caution in using the following lists: designations in the imprints may not reliably reflect the actual trades or roles of the people named, and the formulas used in imprints do not consistently mean the same thing.

David Foxon discussed the "meaning of the imprint" in his Lyell Lecture delivered at Oxford in March 1976, with particular attention to "publishers" in the eighteenth-century context:

The fullest form of an imprint is one which names three people, or groups of people:
     London: printed by X (the printer), for Y (the bookseller who owned the copyright), and sold by Z.
In the eighteenth century the printer's name is rarely given, at least in works printed in London, and the form is more commonly:
     London: printed for Y, and sold by Z.
Very often in this period, and particularly for pamphlets, it is further abbreviated to:
     London: printed and sold by Z.
It is this last form which is my present concern. Z is usually what the eighteenth century called 'a publisher', or one who distributes books and pamphlets without having any other responsibility—he does not own the copyright or employ a printer, or even know the author.

D. F. McKenzie coined the term "trade publisher" for these publishers in his Sandars Lectures, also in 1976, on the grounds that their principal role was to publish on behalf of other members of the book trade (Treadwell 100).

Michael Treadwell cautions that "In this period the imprint 'London: Printed and sold by A.B.' normally means 'Printed at London, and sold by A.B.' and must not be taken to mean that A.B. is a printer in the absence of other evidence." Further, "The imprint 'published by' occurs only rarely in Wing and is almost always associated with the name of a trade publisher" (104). While there are exceptions to the rule, it is "certain," he explains, "that anyone who made a speciality of distributing works for others will show a far higher proportion than normal of imprints in one of the 'sold by' forms" (116), which appear in the imprint as "sold by," "printed and sold by," or "published by" (104). Treadwell gives Walter Kettilby as an example of "a fairly typical copyright-owning bookseller" (106)—his role is almost always designated by the phrase "printed for" on imprints.

A final caution: publisher is a word that should be used with some deliberation. Samuel Johnson defines it simply as "One who puts out a book into the world," but "published by" rarely appears on the imprint until later in the eighteenth century, and then primarily associated with newspapers and pamphlets. Treadwell observes that John Dunton names only five publishers among the 200 binders and booksellers in his autobiographical Life and Errors (1705) wherein he undertakes "to draw the Character of the most Eminent [Stationers] in the Three Kingdoms" (100). Treadwell also remarks, however, that "in law, anyone who offered a work for sale 'published' it. In this sense every work had one or more 'publishers', and every bookseller, mercury, and hawker was a 'publisher'" (114).

See:

  • Terry Belanger, "From Bookseller to Publisher: Changes in the London Book Trade, 1750–1850," in Book Selling and Book Buying. Aspects of the Nineteenth-Century British and North American Book Trade, ed. Richard G. Landon (Chicago: American Library Association, 1978).
  • Bricker, Andrew Benjamin. "Who was 'A. Moore'? The Attribution of Eighteenth-Century Publications with False and Misleading Imprints," in The Papers of the Bibliographical Society of America 110.2 (2016).
  • John Dunton, The Life and Errors of John Dunton (London: Printed for S. Malthus, 1705).
  • John Feather, "The Commerce of Letters: The Study of the Eighteenth-Century Book Trade," Eighteenth-Century Studies 17 (1984).
  • David Foxon, Pope and the Early Eighteenth-Century Book Trade, ed. James McLaverty (Oxford University Press, 1991).
  • Samuel Johnson, Dictionary of the English Language, (printed for J. and P. Knapton; T. and T. Longman; C. Hitch and L. Hawes; A. Millar; and R. and J. Dodsley, 1755).
  • D.F. McKenzie, The London Book Trade in the Later Seventeenth Century (Sandars lectures in bibliography, 1977).
  • Michael Treadwell, "London Trade Publishers 1675–1750," The Library sixth series, vol. 4, no. 2 (1982).

Printed by W. Hoggard

  • Nichols, John. Islington: a poem. Addressed to Mr. Benjamin Stapp. To which are subjoined several other poetical essays by the same author. London: printed by W. Hoggard: and sold by W. Flexney, 1763. ESTC No. T197114. Grub Street ID 230321.
  • Seymour, Edward. The complete history of England. By the Hon. Edward Seymour, Of Richmond, Esq; Vol. I. London: printed (for the author) by W. Hoggard, in Water-Lane; And sold by all Booksellers and Stationers in Town and Country, MDCCLXIV. [1764]. ESTC No. T114649. Grub Street ID 166448.
  • The history of Miss Lucinda Courtney; in a series of original letters, written by herself, to her friend Miss Constantia Bellmour. In three volumes. ... London: printed by W. Hoggard, for Francis Noble; and John Noble, [1764]. ESTC No. N66543. Grub Street ID 48261.
  • Author of Emily Willis.. Memoirs of a coquet; or the history of Miss Harriot Airy. By the author of Emily Willis; or, the history of a natural daughter. London: printed by W. Hoggard, for Francis Noble, at his Circulating Library, opposite Gray's-Inn-Gate, Holborn; and John Noble, at his Circulating Library, in St. Martin's Court, near Leicester-Square, MDCCLXV. [1765]. ESTC No. T74447. Grub Street ID 297472.
  • The merry medley; or universal chronicle of wit and humour. Consisting of entertaining stories. Remarkable anecdotes. Ingenious poems. ... Vol. 1. London: printed by W. Hoggard, 1765. ESTC No. T224998. Grub Street ID 247043.
  • Author of Indiana Danby.. Eliza: or, the history of Miss Granville. By the author of Indiana Danby. In two volumes. Vol. I. London: printed by W. Hoggard, for Francis Noble, at his Circulating Library, opposite Gray's-Inn-Gate, Holborn; and John Noble, at his Circulating Library, in St. Martin's Court, near Leicester-Square, MDCCLXVI. [1766]. ESTC No. T68743. Grub Street ID 292887.
  • Marshall, Jane. The history of Miss Clarinda Cathcart, and Miss Fanny Renton. In two volumes. Vol. I. London: printed by W. Hoggard, for Francis Noble, at his Circulating Library, opposite Gray's-Inn-Gate, Holborn; and John Noble, at his Circulating Library, in St. Martin's Court, near Leicester-Square, MDCCLXVI. [1766]. ESTC No. T73524. Grub Street ID 296783.
  • Sola, Sylviana. Select essays on various subjects. By Sylviana Sola. London: printed for the author: and sold by W. Hoggard, 1766. ESTC No. N62276. Grub Street ID 44647.
  • Author of Lucinda Courtney.. The history of Miss Harriot Fitzroy, and Miss Emilia Spencer. By the author of Lucinda Courtney. In two volumes. Vol. I. London: printed by W. Hoggard, for Francis Noble, at his Circulating Library, opposite Gray's-Inn-Gate, Holborn; and John Noble, at his Circulating Library, in St. Martin's Court, near Leicester-Square, MDCCLXVII. [1767]. ESTC No. N3805. Grub Street ID 25883.
  • The nunnery; or, the history of Miss Sophia. In two volumes. ... London: printed by W. Hoggard, for Francis Noble; and John Noble, 1767. ESTC No. N11131. Grub Street ID 1122.
  • The country cousins: or, a journey to London. A novel. In two volumes. ... London: printed by W. Hoggard, for Francis Noble; and John Noble, 1767. ESTC No. N4713. Grub Street ID 31872.
  • The summer-House: or, the history of Mr. Morton and Miss Bamsted. In two volumes. London: printed by W. Hoggard, for Francis Noble, at his Circulating Library, near Middle-Row, Holborn; and John Noble, at his Circulating Library, in St. Martin's Court, near Leicester-Square, MDCCLXVIII. [1768]. ESTC No. N24777. Grub Street ID 14124.
  • The perplexed lovers: or, the history of Sir Edward Balchen, Bart. In three volumes. Vol. I. London: printed by W. Hoggard, for Francis Noble, at his Circulating Library, near Middle-Row, Holborn; and John Noble, at his Circulating Library, in St. Martin's Court, near Leicester-Square, MDCCLXVIII. [1768]. ESTC No. T55910. Grub Street ID 282487.
  • The history of Miss Emilia Beville. In two volumes. ... London: printed by W. Hoggard, for Francis Noble; and John Noble, 1768. ESTC No. N7803. Grub Street ID 52718.